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Tuberculosis is a terrible disease, only those people who lead an antisocial lifestyle, eat poorly, do not have a permanent place of residence, and so on can become infected with it.

A prosperous person, this disease will never touch. These are the thoughts of many people. Is it so? Let's figure out what kind of disease this is and how to identify it.

Tuberculosis is primarily an infectious disease that can be caused different types microbacteria, most often Koch's stick.

Is tuberculosis contagious? - Yes, this disease is transmitted by airborne droplets. When coughing, spitting or sneezing, an infected person releases germs into the air.

From this we can conclude that any person can become infected with tuberculosis, regardless of his well-being, financial situation or status in society.

Yes, of course, an asocial way of life contributes to this disease, but is not a single factor.

Moreover, an infected person may not even know that he already has tuberculosis, continue to go to work, use public transport. That is why it is very important to know and be able to identify the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis at an early stage.

It is very difficult to make a diagnosis of tuberculosis at the initial stage, since the symptoms are very similar to the usual SARS or may even be asymptomatic, that is, symptoms are not detected.

Here, just the same, plays an important role, the lifestyle of a particular person, the state of his immune system. These factors affect the detection of tuberculosis in an adult, making it quite difficult.

So all the same, how to identify tuberculosis, if it is clearly not manifested in any way, what signs should you pay attention to?

Signs of tuberculosis:

weakness, rapid quenching.
flu or SARS symptoms.
loss of appetite, weight loss.
slight increase in body temperature (37.2-37.5)
cough for 3 weeks or more (immediately dry and infrequent, eventually wet and persistent)
headaches, swollen lymph nodes.

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially 2 or more, then this is a reason to seek medical help.

In a medical institution, after a series of examinations, you will be able to make an accurate diagnosis and receive immediate treatment.

It is very important to know that tuberculosis can affect not only the lungs, but also other organs: bones, brain, kidneys.

There are several stages of tuberculosis:

primary infection. At this stage, as a rule, a person feels well, sometimes there may be signs of malaise. Inflammation at this stage, local, affects those areas that are affected by microorganisms
stage of latent infection. If a person has a weakened immune system, then the infection begins to spread and create foci of inflammation in other organs.
Recurrent tuberculosis of the adult type. This stage is characterized by the defeat of many organs, most often the lungs. The general well-being of the patient worsens. Cavities can form on the lungs, when they enter the bronchi, tuberculosis becomes open.

Also, there are 2 forms of tuberculosis: open and closed.

An open form of tuberculosis is considered the most severe and dangerous. With an open form, bacteria can be detected in the sputum, urine, feces of the patient. The person becomes contagious.

The general condition of the patient worsens, constant fatigue appears, body temperature rises from time to time, and also, most often, hemoptysis is present.

The closed form of tuberculosis is a form in which microorganisms are already present in the human body, but are not active.

With the closed form, the person is not contagious, usually feels well and may not be aware of the presence of tuberculosis in himself.

Also, it is possible to determine some phases of the development of tuberculosis, namely:

infiltration, decay, seeding;
resorption, compaction, scarring, calcification.

These phases help determine the stage of activity of tuberculous changes and view the dynamics of its reverse development, that is, recovery.

How exactly can this disease be diagnosed?

First of all, you need to consult a specialized doctor. In polyclinics, this is a general practitioner / pediatrician. In TB dispensaries, these are pulmonologists and phthisiatricians.

The doctor will conduct a general examination and, if necessary, send for further diagnostics.

There are several diagnostic methods.

Tuberculin diagnostics;
X-ray examination;
Linked immunosorbent assay.

Tuberculin diagnostics is a diagnosis of children and adolescents, which is performed annually, from the age of one.

The principle of action is quite simple, the child is injected under the skin with a special solution, tuberculin (tuberculosis allergen) to detect an immune response.

On the third day, the result is evaluated. The health worker measures the diameter of the reaction (papules - redness, swelling around the injection site). Based on this result, we can talk about the adequacy or inadequacy of the immune response.

X-ray examination is a fluorography or x-ray of the lungs. Consider each method separately and find out what is the difference between these methods.

Fluorography is photographing from a fluorescent (X-ray) screen the image that appears on it as a result of the passage of X-rays through the human body.

The peculiarity is that fluorography gives a reduced image of a part of the body. Doctors advise to conduct this study at least once a year. This allows you to identify the disease at an early stage.

X-ray of the lungs is considered a more complex and more informative type of diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

In fact, this is the same picture as with fluorography, but it is larger, which means that even small foci of inflammation can be seen on it.

Also, this method is based on illumination (color change) of certain sections of the film. It also gives more accurate results.

Microbiological diagnostics is considered the most effective and informative method for detecting tuberculosis at an early stage.

Most often, 2 methods of microbiological diagnostics are used: microscopy and bacteriological examination of sputum.

The advantages of these studies are that they allow us to assess the degree of contagiousness and the effectiveness of treatment.

For this method, the patient needs to collect sputum, which is released when coughing, in a dry, clean container, close the lid.

Sputum is collected within 2 days, at least there should be 3 servings obtained at different times of the day. Then, as soon as possible, take the collected material to the laboratory.

Enzyme immunoassay is a blood test that can determine the presence of tubercle bacillus in the body.

This method is used more as an additional study, or for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis.

If, after carrying out these diagnostic methods, a person is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, an obvious question pops up in the head.

How to treat and how long is pulmonary tuberculosis treated?

If tuberculosis is recognized and diagnosed in time, then it can be treated quite well. Yes, it is not an easy or quick cure.

In this case, the main thing is to comply with the treatment regimen, not to skip the medication, to bring the treatment to the end.

Depending on the severity of the disease, treatment can last up to 2 years. If you follow all the rules and recommendations of the attending physician, then the treatment lasts, on average, about a year.

The main method of therapy is medication. The patient is prescribed, at the same time, taking several drugs that act differently on the causative agent of the disease.

Since the drugs are quite serious, it is better to carry out treatment in a hospital, in an anti-tuberculosis dispensary.

To improve the results, in addition to drug therapy, the patient is offered measures to raise general immunity: breathing exercises, physiotherapy, vitamin therapy, physiotherapy exercises, proper nutrition.

In extreme cases, surgical intervention is used (removal of part of the affected lung).

In other cases, tuberculosis passes into chronic stage, and this patient, poses a danger to others, as it releases microorganisms into the air.

Prevention

The main prevention of tuberculosis is the annual fluorography for adults and the Mantoux reaction in children and adolescents.

Also, vaccination of newborns is carried out, 3-6 days after birth (BCG).

Not a small role in the prevention of this disease, plays a healthy lifestyle.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Koch's bacillus. Tuberculosis bacillus is resistant to external influences and has several ways of spreading, which significantly increases its danger to humans. How to define tuberculosis? The question of how to determine the development of this terrible disease worries many people. The concern of the population is associated with a high mortality rate of patients in case of ignoring symptoms and treatment measures. In addition, the treatment of tuberculosis is characterized by duration and strict measures of therapy.

Currently, quite a lot is known about tuberculosis and its symptoms, in addition, phthisiatricians have identified several types of the disease, differing in the localization of the infectious process and clinical signs.

Groups of forms of tuberculosis:

tuberculosis intoxication in young children and adolescents;
development of tuberculosis of the lungs and organs of the respiratory system;
development of tuberculosis of extrapulmonary forms (damage to the genitourinary system, digestive, bone and other structures of the body).

How to detect tuberculosis? In order to determine the development of the disease at home, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the main signs of the disease. If you suspect the development of tuberculosis, you should visit a TB doctor as soon as possible and go through the appropriate diagnostic steps.

The symptoms that appear during the development of infection in the human body differ depending on the form and localization of the focus of the disease.

Tuberculosis of the lungs and other respiratory organs is considered the most common form of the disease, while extrapulmonary tuberculosis develops after secondary infection (after the spread of disease agents through the blood and lymph).

At the first stages of infection with Koch's wand, there are unexpressed symptoms, the appearance of which is easily confused with the onset of a cold or SARS, but there are some differences.

Primary signs of the development of pulmonary tuberculosis:

The appearance of weakness, loss of strength, fatigue.
Dyspnea.
Steady body temperature from 37 to 38 degrees (keeps for a long time, does not go astray with the help of medications).
Dry cough (later becomes wet with copious sputum, hemoptysis).
Strong sweating towards the night.
Weight loss.
In children with low weight, an increase in the spleen and liver is observed.
Pain in the chest.
Enlarged lymph nodes.
Rapid heartbeat, tachycardia.
Shine in the eyes, the appearance of an unhealthy blush with a general pallor of the skin.

In preschool and educational institutions, the Mantoux test or other options for detecting the disease are carried out annually. A positive result of the annual test can also be evidence of the development of the disease in humans.

In the case of the appearance of an extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, pain sensations are shifted to the affected area. The first stage lasts about one month, the signs appear both jointly and selectively, depending on the rate of development of the disease and the level of human immune defense.

Signs of extrapulmonary tuberculosis:

Defeat digestive system manifests itself through inflammation of the intestinal walls, mesentery, enlarged lymph nodes near the focus of the disease. This form of infection is possible in case of eating contaminated food (meat and dairy products from sick animals). At the first stages, the disease manifests itself as a disorder of the stool, there are pains in the abdominal cavity.
Damage to the membranes of the brain manifests itself through severe headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. There is also an increase in overall body temperature. Damage to the nervous system is observed as a secondary development of the disease in the body after the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuberculous meningitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues of the brain, occurs in childhood. A specific sign of the disease is "fear of light", headaches, vomiting, and general signs of malaise and weakness are also observed. With further development of the infection, pain in the abdominal cavity, fever are observed.
Damage to bone tissue is most often observed in younger patients with secondary development of the disease in the body. The development of inflammatory processes is characterized by dysfunction of the joints, bone deformity and edema around the affected area.
Foci of inflammation on the skin that appear after infection with tuberculosis are much easier to determine than other forms of infection. Cutaneous tuberculosis manifests itself as ulcers, pimples on the tissues of the epidermis, and also as a discoloration of the dermis.
Urogenital tuberculosis is most common in young women under the age of 30. The manifestations of the disease are similar to other inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system. With untimely diagnosis, even after a complete cure, there is a risk of infertility.
Tuberculous bronchoadenitis - damage to the structures of the roots of the lungs. In pediatric patients, it is asymptomatic, in some cases there is a temperature ranging from 37 to 38 degrees (or a sharp increase in it). There is also an increase in lymph nodes, cough.

If a child or adult is unwell for a long time, a doctor should be consulted as soon as possible.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is a form of the disease in which new foci of the disease may occur, it is because of this that if a person is sick, complex therapy is needed with the use of strong antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Further development of the disease

If the disease was not detected in the early stages, the following signs of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the body may appear:

the appearance of caverns;
development of fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis;
oncological degeneration of the affected tissue.

Tuberculosis affects people of all ages, regardless of gender. Children, adolescents, pregnant women and people with low immunity are at the greatest risk.

In the conditions of megacities, with constant contact with a large number of people, each person can become a victim of Koch's wand. However, for the development of a bacillus inside the human body, appropriate conditions are necessary, otherwise the agents of the disease are able to stay in the human body for years without increasing in number, being under the pressure of immune defense.

The rate of spread of infection in the body depends on several factors:

the general level of human immune defense;
the number of tuberculosis agents that have entered and the mode of transmission of the infection;
the age of the infected person;
conditions of human life;
duration of contact with carriers of the Koch stick.

It is known that Koch's bacillus begins to actively spread due to a decrease in the body's immune defenses after suffering other diseases, during pregnancy, as well as in children and the elderly.

It is noticed that the incubation period of pathogenic agents in the body is from 21 days to 3 months. In some cases, if a person is in favorable conditions, the immune defense successfully suppresses the infection within a year.

Features of the incubation period of Koch's sticks:

During this period, there are no signs of malaise.
Before the appearance of specific signs, a person is not considered contagious to others.
The result of the Mantoux test is negative.

Due to the fact that the incubation period of the disease is quite long, the sick person may not immediately pay attention to the symptoms that have appeared, however, it is at the first stages that the disease is better and faster to treat.

How to recognize tuberculosis? In order to check children and adults for the presence of Koch's wand, educational institutions conduct annual diagnostic events, and a number of certificates are required to confirm the safety of the employee for colleagues.

Planned diagnostic measures include:

Tuberculin diagnostics used in preschool educational institutions and educational institutions in relation to children from 7 to 14 years old. The Mantoux test or Diaskintest (modern analogue) detects the presence of mycobacteria in the child's body. These methods are safe for the health of children and allow timely treatment if the disease develops.
Laboratory analysis with a positive test for tuberculosis and re-diagnosis.
Planned fluorography is carried out in relation to the adult population to exclude the development of pathology in the tissues of the lungs. Also, the diagnosis is carried out according to the individual indications of the patient and the direction of the attending physician.

Further stages of diagnosis depend on the clinical picture of the disease, signs and forms of tuberculosis. However, for the most accurate result, it is recommended to undergo a full range of laboratory diagnostic measures, which allows to identify the site of inflammation and the stage of the disease.

How to detect tuberculosis using laboratory diagnostics? There are several ways to detect mycobacteria, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

In addition, medicine currently distinguishes several analogues of the Mantoux test, the probability of a false positive result of which is much lower.

Primary methods of analysis:

Mantoux test;
diaskintet and tubinferon (they have a similar technique with the previous method, but their result does not depend on the previous vaccination against tuberculosis - BCG);
quantiferon test is a laboratory diagnostic technique, the main advantage of which is the absence of contact with human skin, which allows analysis for people with severe dermatitis or an allergic reaction.

Thanks to the development of medicine, modern methods have a low false positive rate. And laboratory tests are not carried side effects for the human body.

Among the laboratory methods it is worth highlighting:

Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Bacterial seeding.
Histological examination by biopsy.

How to know the patient's condition using these techniques? For diagnostics, all fluids of the human body are used, it is because of this that laboratory studies allow us to identify the location of inflammation, which is necessary for timely surgery in the event of a running process.

Prevention measures

How can I increase my immune defense against tuberculosis?

To improve overall well-being and protect against Koch's wand, there are some proven actions:

the use of meat and dairy products that have passed quality control (purchasing products from sellers without a license increases the risk of foodborne infection);
full nutrition with all the necessary amino acids, vitamins and microelements, the use of vitamin complexes and supplements;
walks and frequent airing of the premises;
active lifestyle and sports;
compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
timely cleaning in the house;
observance of the regime of planned diagnostics;
reduced contact with carriers of infection;
BCG vaccination against tuberculosis.

An important rule for preventing the development of complications in tuberculosis is to provide the patient with medical care from specialists. Self-treatment is not an option in case of infection with mycobacteria, since serious anti-tuberculosis drugs are needed for therapy, the appointment of which occurs under the supervision of a phthisiatrician and according to the individual indications of the patient.

In addition, a patient with tuberculosis poses a great danger to loved ones and relatives, being outside the hospital during the period when the disease is in an open form.

Self-medication not only endangers the life of the patient, but also threatens the life and health of others.

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It’s impossible to say with accuracy that you have tuberculosis, but there is such a possibility, if it’s not, then something is clearly wrong with your health. We recommend that you immediately undergo a medical examination. We also recommend that you read the article on.
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Scientists have found signs of this infection in Egyptian mummies: tuberculosis is so “old”. According to WHO, it still occupies one of the first places among the causes of death worldwide. How to identify early signs of infection and how to treat it? Let's figure it out.

Why do people still get TB?

The Koch stick (the causative agent of infection) has a special shell that helps it resist antimicrobials. Scientists have recorded 558 thousand new cases of infection with a microbe resistant to rifampicin, the most effective drug against tuberculosis. In addition, mycobacteria multiply extremely slowly, which complicates the work of doctors.

However, the incidence is declining by about 2% per year, and WHO plans to completely eradicate the epidemic by 2030.

Where does this disease come from?

The causes of tuberculosis were unknown until 1882 - it was then that Robert Koch discovered the causative agent - a bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Like any infectious disease, it has two main causes: contact with the infected and weak immunity. At risk are children, the elderly, the homeless, prisoners and people who are constantly in contact with the sick.

How does infection occur?

Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds warm water with soap;
Do not use other people's cups and hygiene items;
Undergo regular medical examinations: according to the law, once every 3 years, Russians can undergo a free medical examination;
Eat in a balanced way;
Exercise and be outdoors more often.

To learn more about modern methods of diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis, please visit

Tuberculosis is a severe disease caused by Koch's bacillus. Despite the development of modern medicine, the disease continues to be detected in a population of different ages. Children, adults with a weakened immune system, and the elderly are most susceptible to it. An important condition successful cures become the detection of pathology at an early stage of development. In order to seek medical help in a timely manner, it is necessary to have information on how to recognize the development of tuberculosis in the initial stage.

How to recognize the disease yourself

Knowing how to recognize tuberculosis at an early stage, you can avoid its further development and dangerous consequences. These can be damage to the lymphatic system, heart failure, and even death. If you are interested in how to understand that tuberculosis is spreading in the body, you should learn to pay attention to the slightest changes in well-being.

Most people are naturally interested in how to detect tuberculosis at an early stage. At the initial stage of development, the disease often occurs with symptoms resembling SARS, which can prevent its timely detection.

The characteristic signs that a person is infected are sweating with tuberculosis, a haggard appearance, pallor of the skin, and sudden weight loss.

How the disease develops

No one is immune from the possibility of developing lung disease. This requires knowledge of what symptoms of tuberculosis occur after infection with Koch's bacillus. The disease can proceed in a latent form for several months and even years. Having penetrated into the body, the tuberculosis bacterium provokes the emergence of a specific inflammatory focus of the disease - an infectious granuloma. After that, the pathological process spreads to the patient's lymphatic system.

In most cases, the pathology is activated against the background of a sharp decrease in immune defenses. The beginning of its development are such signs as:

dry cough that does not go away for a long time (for 20 or more days);
subfebrile temperature in adults (37-37.5 C) - a symptom of tuberculosis observed in a patient for a month or longer;
soreness of medium intensity under the ribs, aggravated at the time of a deep breath;
headache, irritability, sleep disturbances.

Often, starting in the lungs, the disease passes through the blood into the intestines, bones, and other internal organs.

The first stage of tuberculosis lends itself well to complex treatment, including the appointment of medications for the patient, special physical activity, daily walking, and the right diet.

Main symptoms

To determine when tuberculosis begins, it is necessary to distinguish between the main symptoms. The gradual progression of the disease leads to the appearance of:

cough with blood, copious sputum;
shortness of breath even after minor physical exertion;
increased chest pain that does not stop at rest;
wheezing, whistling in the lungs;
enlargement of the lymph nodes;
increase t of the patient's body;
characteristic gleam in the eyes;
blanching of the skin.

The "marble" skin of the patient is combined with a bright blush on the cheeks. Such a contrast is a classic sign of illness, conspicuous and clearly visible to others. Nocturnal hyperhidrosis in tuberculosis (excessive sweating) leads to the fact that in the morning a person wakes up wet, and his bed is soaked with sweat. A striking sign of the development of the disease is a rapid weight loss (up to 10-15 kg) with good nutrition. The reason why patients lose weight with tuberculosis is the intoxication of the body as a result of the active reproduction of Koch's bacillus.

How is tuberculosis diagnosed?

To find out if you really have, and what to do in this case, you will need to contact a medical institution. The first stage of diagnosis is the collection of an anamnesis, including a survey of the patient. The specialist asks questions to understand how the patient contracted tuberculosis. They concern the following:

Whether the person who applied to the doctor had TB before.
Were there cases of detection of the disease among his relatives, the closest environment.
Whether the patient was registered due to hypersensitivity to tuberculin.
When a person underwent the last Mantoux, fluorography of the lungs.
In what conditions does the patient live, does he have contact with people who have recently been released from prison, who have had a pulmonary disease.

After collecting this and other important information, the doctor proceeds to a thorough examination of the patient, conducting research. There are proven methods of how to identify tuberculosis. Tuberculin diagnostics using the Mantoux test becomes mandatory. A positive or negative reaction is evaluated after 3 days. It is useful to know by what signs tuberculosis is detected.

Extensive redness at the injection site (from 5 mm to 21 mm) becomes an indicator of the presence of an infection in the body. Also, this area is characterized by thickening of the skin, the release of infiltrate (accumulation of cellular elements with an admixture of blood, lymph).

If there is a positive response to the Mantoux reaction, a more detailed examination will be required. The main method for diagnosing tuberculosis is fluorography (tomography, fluoroscopy). Sputum samples, blood and urine tests are also carried out. In specialized medical institutions, such informative methods for diagnosing the disease as transthoracic needle biopsy, tracheobronchoscopy, bronchoscopic lavage, thoracoscopy (pleuroscopy) are available.

Sources of infection

The main sources of infection are sick people, mammals (large, medium-sized livestock). The greatest danger of infection exists during the period when the patient has an active form of the disease (isolation and spread of mycobacteria with sputum, urine, feces).

In order to prevent the infection and development of tuberculosis, it is necessary to proceed from the mechanisms of transmission of infection. Knowing this will allow you to avoid situations that are dangerous to your health.

You can become infected after:

being in close proximity to the carrier of the disease;
consumption of poorly processed foods (milk or meat of a sick animal);
inhalation of dust and dried sputum particles containing Koch's bacillus (outside the body of the patient
microorganisms are able to remain viable for up to 18 days);
entry of the causative agent of the disease into a person through damage to the skin or mucous membranes.

It is useful to know how to understand that a stranger has tuberculosis, and to be able to protect yourself from infection. The simplest preventive measure would be to minimize contact or presence in the vicinity of individuals with a persistent cough. The probability of infection increases in the range of 2-9 m around the patient.

The possibility of infection by the alimentary route (during the use of animal products) is several times lower than by inhalation of mycobacteria in the air. It increases significantly when the patient neglects personal hygiene, and in the room where he stays, wet cleaning or current disinfection is not carried out.

At risk are such representatives of medicine as surgeons, dentists, pathologists. All of them regularly come into contact with the biomaterial of sick people. There is also the possibility of intrauterine infection with a tubercle bacillus - from women with a disseminated form, with a specific lesion of the placenta, pathological processes in the birth canal.

If the reader has experience in the treatment of tuberculosis or other important information regarding this disease, we suggest leaving a comment on this material. This can provide valuable assistance to other people who are faced with a dangerous problem.

There are a lot of symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis, and some of them depend not only on the severity of the inflammation, but also on the patient's immunity, his age and even gender. All this makes the diagnosis quite difficult, especially in the initial stages. Moreover, sometimes for a disease such as pulmonary tuberculosis, the symptoms in adults and children are practically indistinguishable from other diseases.

The Importance of Rapid Diagnosis

By identifying the signs of tuberculosis in the early stages, it is relatively easy to cure it without leaving any traces in the body. Late stages sometimes lead to the fact that the treatment is useless, and the disease becomes chronic. It is in the comparative invisibility of the process that one of the main dangers of tuberculosis lies. The body does not have time to respond to a small number of pathogens, and a sick person, as a rule, can learn about the existence of the disease only by chance.
For this reason, the timely detection of tuberculosis is very important for the sick person, who should know that at the very beginning the symptoms are very mild. And only later, when the disease has been in the body for some time, the symptoms of tuberculosis in adults become pronounced. From this moment on, you should carefully monitor your body to make sure that this particular disease is present and to see a doctor in time.

Main features

The main symptoms of tuberculosis at an early stage are manifested as a result of general intoxication of the patient's body, which is why he takes these signs for influenza or SARS. Although, unlike them, the disease is characterized by a gradual deterioration in well-being. True, in a person with a strong immune system, symptoms may not appear until the deepest stages.

Cough
This symptom is one of the main signs of the disease. At first it is dry and is observed in the morning and in the evenings, but later it can become wet and almost constant. This is especially true of the off-season periods, in April-May or October-November. Coughing is often accompanied by shortness of breath and severe chest pain. In the future, these symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis can manifest themselves in the patient almost until the very recovery.

Hemoptysis
Blood spitting is quite suitable for pulmonary and almost any other tuberculosis, the symptoms, description and features of which are best known to the doctor, who should be contacted immediately for hemoptysis, without trying to self-diagnose. Most often, the patient spits up blood after a coughing fit, and sometimes the symptom is accompanied by pulmonary bleeding, the appearance of which requires not only going to the clinic, but, as a rule, immediate hospitalization.

Weakness
They include the first symptoms of tuberculosis and such an indicator of the disease as general weakness. Patients complain of a noticeable decrease in efficiency and fatigue. Although often these signs are incorrectly mistaken for simple fatigue.

Elevated temperature

An increase in temperature to 37–37.5 degrees usually makes few people nervous, unless, of course, your child is sick. However, these are also sometimes the first signs of tuberculosis. Moreover, the temperature, although it does not exceed 38 degrees, however, keeps constantly, accompanied by sweating at night. However, sometimes the temperature can rise to 39 degrees - this means that the disease is moving to a more dangerous stage.

Other symptoms
When tuberculosis sets in, the symptoms, first signs, and other visible signs of the disease may appear as:

loss of appetite;
nausea;
headache;
enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Any such symptoms (especially 2-3 at once) lasting more than 3 weeks in the absence of other serious reasons should arouse suspicion and serve as a reason to visit a medical facility. And already there, after the examination, it will be clarified whether these are signs of pulmonary tuberculosis or a consequence of the course of another disease.

Features of female and children's tuberculosis

Sometimes the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis in women may not be as severe as in men. However, the progression of the disease causes the symptoms to intensify, which causes severe suffering to those who are ill. Moreover, the older the woman, the more serious the symptoms and signs of pulmonary tuberculosis can be, and the harder it is to endure.
The development of the disease in children is also somewhat different from that which may occur in an adult. In addition to all the main signs, the child gets poor sleep and too pale skin. The temperature stays at 37.5 degrees for 2-3 weeks, and the head hurts much more often than the signs of tuberculosis in adults suggest.

Definition by a doctor

Many people believe that only disadvantaged sections of society can get TB, which means that they do not even suspect the development of the disease in themselves. This is especially true for the male part of the population. Therefore, the first signs of tuberculosis in men may not be noticed by the patients themselves for a long time. Although at the first manifestations of such symptoms, one should immediately go to the hospital - even if the assumption about tuberculosis turned out to be wrong, the doctor will in any case help to determine the disease and prescribe treatment.

For initial diagnosis, auscultation and percussion are usually used, although they do not always cope with the definition of the disease by 100 percent. As a result, the correct diagnosis helps to make a comprehensive examination, including skin tests, x-rays and blood tests. In children, to prevent the disease, the Mantoux reaction is performed annually. Periodic fluorography helps to determine the signs of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults, which reveals even its imperceptibly flowing form.