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In our time, humanity cannot exist without minerals. It is hard to imagine our life without cars or electronics - which means that people will continue to leave huge holes on the body of the Earth, mining various ores open way, and the planet, in turn, will take revenge for this with landslides and man-made disasters. The largest quarries in the world are capable of staggering the imagination of anyone with their scale, and if not handled properly, they are also quite dangerous.

Chuquicamata, Chile

The largest quarry in the world in which copper ore is mined, thanks to which the country is the largest exporter of this mineral. The section is located at an altitude of 2840 m in the Central Andes and has been developed for 100 years, since 1915. During this time, more than 29 million tons of copper were mined.

Even the Incas in the 16th century smelted ore here (in one of the temporary developments, the skeleton of a man who lived about 500 years BC was discovered). They called the deposit "place of metal".

The quarry is 4.3 km long, 3 km wide and 850 m deep. Mining is carried out in an open way, so there is always a cloud of dust here. Until recently, the mine held another record - "The largest daily volume of extracted rock mass", but then the achievement passed Escondid's career in the same Andes. Also, the largest melting furnace worked here.

Bingham Canyon, Utah, USA

The deepest quarry in the world, located on an area of ​​8 km2. Its depth is 1.2 km and its length is 4 km. The mine was discovered and developed by the Mormons in 1863, so it is also one of the oldest discovered deposits in the world. Up to 450 tons of ore are extracted daily and 1,400 people work in the deepest open pit in the world. It is transported by special mining dump trucks that can carry up to 230 tons at the same time. And from the surface of the Earth below, they look like toy cars.

Since 1966, the quarry has been given the status of a US national treasure and millions of tourists from all over the world come to see this miracle. A special observation deck has been built here, from where an overview of the entire mining complex opens.

In the deepest quarry in the world, not only copper is mined, but also gold, silver and molybdenum. Moreover, the volume of extracted gold far exceeds the amount mined in the Klondike and California during the Gold Rush (715 million tons of gold and 5900 tons of silver). Therefore, Bingham Canyon is considered one of the most productive deposits on Earth.

In April 2013, a huge landslide occurred here (70 million m3 of stones), as a result of which work was stopped for several months. Nothing was reported about the victims, but the buildings and equipment were thoroughly destroyed.

Good luck, Yakutia

The deepest quarry in Russia belongs to the diamond deposit. It is located only 22 kilometers from the Arctic Circle and a city and a processing plant were specially built to serve it. The mine has been developed since 1982, and since 2014 they switched to underground mining. Annual production is up to 100 thousand tons of ore and 5 million carats of diamonds per year.

The depth of the mine is 640 meters, the length is 2 kilometers and the width is one and a half. The relatively small area of ​​the mine and the conditions of permafrost (down to -60 degrees) led to the fact that in winter the machines stopped, as engine oil froze and rubber cracked. And the time of lifting the dump truck from the bottom of the quarry is at least 2 hours.

The largest diamond mine in Russia is noteworthy in many ways - it has two kimberlite pipes, not just one, found on the surface. A kimberlite pipe (named after the city of Kimberley in South Africa) is the direction of a volcanic explosion that narrows at the bottom. Therefore, the deposit is strictly delineated in the vertical direction, and there are no diamonds outside it. Because of this, the bottom of the quarry is not round, as in the main large mines of the world, but resembles a heart. In addition, the largest specimens are mined here, which are now stored in the Diamond Fund.

Korkino, Chelyabinsk region

The largest quarry in Russia and the largest coal mine in Europe. It is 3 km wide and over 500 meters deep. The quarry has been exploited since 1934, and in 1936 a large explosion was carried out, lifting more than a million cubic meters of earth into the air to a height of up to 500 meters - it was recorded by all seismic stations in the Northern Hemisphere.

The quarry and the mine employ 6,800 people. At first, coal was transported by cars, but then they switched to more cost-effective rail transport. There is an observation deck at the enterprise, but even it does not give a complete overview of the entire quarry.

Each step of the cut is equal to a 9-storey building, and at the bottom there is a special water drainage system, without which the quarry would have been flooded long ago. Being in the middle of a coal mine is not very pleasant, especially in summer. The wind somehow disperses the coal dust and smoke from the burning rock, but when there is no wind, the workers of the largest open pit in Russia have a hard time without protective equipment.

Interestingly, in 2007, enterprising businessmen organized a ski resort on the dumps of a quarry, where the elevation difference is up to 100 meters, but it soon closed.

The biggest quarries in the world are not just huge funnels in our planet, which are interesting to look at from space and admire the size and cosmic landscape. Sometimes they become unmanageable (especially abandoned) and then people can suffer.

Open pit mining is one of the most widely used in the world. It is used when mineral deposits are close to the surface of the Earth, while they are simply dug out using large-sized mining equipment or extracted through a series of controlled explosions.

This is one of the easiest and cheapest mining methods, however, after it, giant craters remain on the surface, which look very bewitching. Today we want to show you photos of the ten largest open pits in the world and tell you a little about them.

10. Escondida Copper Mine

Located in Chile's Atacama Desert, this copper mine consists of two open pits, Escondida Pit and Escondida Norta. Dimensions - 3.9 kilometers long, 2.7 kilometers wide and 645 meters deep. In terms of depth, this is the third quarry of this type in the world.

9. Diamond mine Lucky

This quarry is located in the Russian part of Eastern Siberia and is one of the largest in Russia. Now managed by the state company ALROSA, it was opened in 1971, and it is planned to close it this year, 2015. But only open-pit mining will stop, underground mining will continue, since, according to the company, another 108 million carats of diamonds can be extracted from underground.

8. Copper Quarry Chuquicamata

For more than a century, the Chuquicamata copper mine located near Santiago, Chile has been producing huge amounts of copper ore. It is 4.3 kilometers long, 3 kilometers wide and over 850 meters deep, making it the second deepest in the world. In 2018, open-pit mining will cease and operations will be moved underground, where 1.7 billion tons of copper ore still remains.

7. Grasberg field

This "Holy Grail" among the quarries is located in the Indonesian province of Papua. It ranks second in the world in gold and copper mining. Its depth reaches 550 meters.

6. Mahoning Mine

This quarry is interesting in that mining on it began with underground operations and only then came to the surface, although usually everything happens the other way around. This iron mine is called the "Northern Grand Canyon" and it is located in the US state of Minnesota. Dimensions - 8 kilometers long, 3.2 kilometers wide and 180 meters deep.

Since its opening in 1985, this open pit has produced 800 million tons of iron ore and excavated 1.4 billion tons of earth over an area of ​​8 million m 2 . It is so gigantic that it has become a national monument in Minnesota.

5. Diamond Quarry Diavik

This Canadian diamond quarry was opened in 2003 and produces up to 8 million carats of diamonds per year. In width, it reaches a size of 7 kilometers. It is also unusual that it is located on the island of Lac de Grasse in the Northwest Territories of Canada.

4. Kimberley Diamond Quarry

This quarry is located in South Africa and is owned by the well-known De Beers company. This is the largest quarry in the world, the development of which was carried out without the use of special equipment, in fact, it is completely dug by hand. Its diameter is about 1.6 kilometers, and its depth is more than 200 meters. Although it was closed back in 1914, it is still visited by crowds of tourists and is now in the process of being registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

3 Kalgoorlie Super Quarry

Australia's largest open pit, the Kalgoorlie gold mine is 3.8 kilometers long, 1.5 kilometers wide and approximately 600 meters deep, making it the third largest open pit mine in the world.

2. Diamond mine Mir

Located in Eastern Siberia, this Russian diamond quarry operated from 1957 to 2001 and produced best years up to 10 million carats of diamonds. Now closed, it is still the largest quarry in the world to have been dug without the use of explosives. Its diameter is 1.2 kilometers and its depth is 525 meters.

1. Bingham Canyon

Our winner, the largest and deepest open pit in the world, is located in the US state of Utah, southwest of Salt Lake City. This giant quarry is 4 kilometers wide and 1200 meters deep. It was discovered back in 1848 for the extraction of copper ore and since then it has been mined in large volumes of copper, gold, silver and molybdenum.

Creating artificial islands or destroying natural mountains: people are constantly changing the face of the planet. And the miners do an excellent job of this task by changing more and more areas of the landscape. Some of the pits dug up by crushers in an attempt to extract the ore are a real marvel of technology, and the largest of them are visible from space.

Some of these amazing examples of human ability to subjugate nature are created in the form of open pits. This method of extraction is used when the resources are too close to the surface, and the composition of the soil does not allow the use of tunneling. Through the efforts of miners, careers grow until the resources are exhausted. After the quarries are depleted, they turn into landfills, or artificial lakes, but despite this, they continue to amaze the imagination with their scale. We invite you to see the best of the largest quarries in the world.

Diamond pipe "Mir"

Owner: Alrosa
Resources: diamonds
Location: Russia, Mirny
Development started in 1957

It is currently the second largest man-made sinkhole in the world. This diamond mine is located in Russia, near the city of Mirny. The "world" is so huge that flights over it are prohibited, since the mine workings create a very strong downward airflow. The quarry, whose development began in 1957, produced up to 10 million carats of diamonds per year until its closure in 2011. Mir was notorious for its appalling conditions. In winter, the temperature in the quarry drops so much that it freezes the engine oil and rubber, and leads to a gradual shedding of the quarry. By the time the mine was closed, the time it took for the car to get from the bottom of the pit to the surface reached 2 hours.

Diamond pipe "Dyavik"

Owner: Rio Tinto (60%), Harry Winston Diamond Corporation (40%)
Resources: diamonds
Location: Canada
Development started in 2003

The Diavik diamond pipe is located in Canada and is no less impressive than the Mir, despite the fact that it is significantly smaller than its Russian counterpart. Diavik produces 8 million carats of diamonds per year, and the development of the mine began in 2003. It is most notable for the fact that it is located on the island of Lac de Gras, which allows you to observe amazing metamorphoses: in summer the quarry is surrounded by a crystal smooth surface of water, and in winter it is shrouded in an icy desert. A winter road leads to Diavik - a seasonal road is available only two months a year, it stretches over the surface of a frozen lake 375 km north of Yellowknife. The rest of the time you can get to "Diavik" only by air.

Bingham Canyon

Owner: Rio Tinto
Resources: copper
Location: Utah, USA
Development started in 1904

Visible from space and also known as Kennecott, the Bingham Canyon copper mine is the deepest mine in the world. The pioneers of the mine were the Mormons - discovering it in the middle of the 19th century, at that time the deposit was 1.2 km deep, 2.5 miles wide and covered an area of ​​​​more than 7.7 km 2. Surprisingly, despite the fact that the quarry is being developed since 1904, production at the field is expected to be carried out until 2030.

Calgory Super Pete

Owner: Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines
Resources: Gold
Location: Calgory, Australia
Development started in 1989.

The Femiston Open Pit gold mine is the largest gold mine in the world and is commonly referred to as the Super Pit. The elongated section is located in the west of Australia, reaches a length of 3.5 km, a width of 1.5 km and a depth of more than 320 meters. Super Pete produces over 850,000 ounces of gold per year.

Hal-Rast-Mahoning Quarry

Owner: Hibbing Taconite
Resources: Iron ore
Location: Minnesota, USA
Development started in 1893

The Mahoning quarry began to be developed as an underground mine, but the iron ore was too close to the surface and the development had to be carried out in an open way. Now the Mahoning quarry reaches 8 km in length, 3.2 km in width and 180 meters in depth. During the development of the deposit, it was decided to combine several smaller workings into one large open pit. For such a "merger" it was necessary to move the city of Hibbing, located in the immediate vicinity of the quarries. The transfer of the city took 2 years and 16 million dollars, during which time almost 200 residential buildings and 20 office buildings were transferred. At its peak, between World War I and World War II, the mine produced 14 percent of all iron ore produced in the United States. Today, almost 100 years later, Hibbing Taconite still uses Mahoning for mining.

Tokepala

Owner: Southern Copper Corporation
Resources: Copper
Location: Tacna, Peru
Development started in 1960

The Andes are home to several of the world's largest mines. Tokepala reaches 700 meters in depth, and the diameter of the diameter reaches more than 2.5 km. Looking at a NASA satellite photo, you can see the giant mountain dumps that have formed artificial mountains along the northern part of the mine.

Diamond pipe "Ekati"

Owner: BHP Billiton
Resources: Diamonds
Location: Northwest Canada
Development started in 1998

Ekati is located 300 km from Yellowknife, and was discovered during the gold rush. After the project opened in 1985, lands from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Circle were resold as geological lottery tickets. The scientific discovery that kimberlite pipes are a sign of a diamond deposit made Ekati another Jack in the lottery.

Kimberley Quarry

Owner: Da Beers
Resources: diamonds
Location: Kimberley, South Africa
Development started in 1871

The name - Giant Hole - that's what really gives fantasy run wild. The section with a depth of 240 meters is the largest development in the world where mining was carried out by hand. The deposit was originally owned by the Da Beer brothers who led to a patent battle with Khal-Rast-Mahoning.

After 16 years of excavation under extremely harsh conditions, the small quarries located in the region came to the decision to create a conglomerate, and to unite all workings in one company, Da Beers Consolidated Mines Limited. Idle in an abandoned state for over 100 years, the mine has been turned into a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Grasberg Quarry

Owner: Freeport-McMoRan
Resources: copper, gold
Location: Papua, Indonesia
Development started in 1990

The Grasberg deposit is the largest gold mine in the world and the third largest copper mine. Grasberg's turbulent past includes dozens of expeditions, rebel attacks, and $55 million in over-budget construction.
In the 1930s, a Dutch scientific expedition set out to explore one of the highest peaks in the Dutch East Indies. The report of the expedition reported on the discovery of gold and copper reserves, which later became the Ertsberg Quarry. Due to the inaccessibility - the field is located in a mountain range at an altitude of more than 4100 meters above sea level - the construction costs were estimated at $175 million; the project involved the construction of 116 km of roads, an airstrip, a power plant and a port. In 1977, a group of rebels attacked the mine and staged a diversion by planting explosives on the railway line of the mine.

10 years after the attack, Freeport concluded that the mine was depleted and began to explore the vicinity of the field in the hope of smaller associated deposits. The company hit the jackpot at the Grasberg deposit, located 3 km from Ertsberg, with maximum copper reserves of $40 billion. In the aerial photographs below you can see what Grasberg looks like now. And although Estberg began to be developed in the 30s and about $ 175 million was invested in it, it is too small to be seen.

Chuquicamata

Owner: CODELCO
Resources:: copper, gold
Location: Chile
Development started in 1882

If we talk about volumes, then you will not find more production than the Chilean Chuquicamata. Moving to the state property after the Chilean nationalization of 1970, the working reached 4.3 km long, 3 km wide and almost 900 meters deep.

For a brief period, Chuquicamata held the largest volume of annual production. Prior to merging with the Escondida quarry in 2002, the quarry operated the largest smelter and the largest electrolytic refinery in the world. It is obvious that the territory in the mine area was used for many hundreds of centuries, 17 years after the start of work, a “copper man” dating back to 500 BC was discovered in a littered temporary working.

Escondida

Owner: Minera Escondida
Resources: Copper
Location: Atacama Desert, Chile
Development started in 1990

Escondida produces more copper than any other open pit in the world. In 2007, Minera Escondida produced over 1.5 million tons of copper worth over $20 billion. The construction of the quarry began after studies showed a high probability of the existence of a copper belt in the region, just 300 km from the Chuquikamato quarry.

Berkeley Pete

Owner: Atlantic Richfield Company
Resources: copper, silver, gold
Location: Montana, USA
Development started in 1955

The development of the mine was stopped 30 years ago. Since then, without water pumps to keep the quarry open, the 540 meter pit has filled with rainwater. Despite the fact that the water seems crystal clear from above, it actually boils a real soup of heavy metals and dangerous chemical elements - such as arsenic, sulfuric acid and cadmium. In fact, the water in the quarry is so rich in minerals that Montana Resources mines 180 thousand tons of copper per month pumping water into the surrounding ponds.

The mine was opened in 1955, production was in the region of 1 billion tons of the resource and subsequently grew so much that the owner of the Anaconda mine bought a neighboring city to continue the expansion.

Yuba Goldfields

Owner: Western Aggregate
Resources: Aggregated
Location: California, USA.
Development started in 1848

Yuba Goldfrieds is located along the Yuba River in California. The deposit was formalized during the gold rush in 1848-55. Being in the river bed, the mine was in its infancy, but as soon as the rumor about the prospects of the region spread, large mining companies began to actively invest in projects in the region. To minimize production, companies began to open mines using the pressure of water jets in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Soon, so much waste and debris was dumped into the river that the river bed rose 100 feet and, in some areas, destroyed and flooded settlements in the river area.

The area has now exhausted its gold reserves and although it is still being used for the extraction of concrete constituents, it is planned to turn it into a nature reserve. Yuba Goldfrieds are known for them unusual view, when looking at aerial photography, you can see how mountains, streams, and pits created under the influence of many years of mining - like a gut, stretched along the riverbed.

Diamond pipe "Successful"

Owner: ALROSA
Resources: Diamonds
Location: Republic of Sakha, Russia
Development started in 1988

The depth of "Udachnaya" reaches more than 600 meters, although it is not as wide as the "Mir". Discovered a little later than Mir, Udachnaya is so remote from civilization that a small city of its own was built for the project for the mine workers, named after the deposit. Since 2010, Alrosa has changed the type of mining at the mine to underground, as open pit mining has become no longer profitable.

Olympic Dam

Owner: BHP Billiton
Resources: copper, gold, silver, uranium
Location: South Australia
Development started in 1988.

Although the BHP Billiton Underground Mine is set to expand to become the largest open pit in the world, it is already stretching very far from what was once the Roxby Downs Ships station. Imagine that this is a deposit - tons of copper, uranium, gold and silver.

Olympic Dam has the fourth largest copper reserve in the world and is the world's largest uranium deposit. Even without expanding the area of ​​the quarry, Olympic Dam consumes 35 million liters of water daily.

Career(from French carriere, var.: section) - a set of mine workings formed during the extraction of minerals in an open way; open pit mining enterprise. For the most part, quarries (large quarries) are used for the extraction of metal ores and building materials. But there are also diamond deposits where quarries are used to extract precious stones. Chuquicamata, Chile The world's largest open-pit mine (quarry) in which copper ore is mined at the deposit of the same name. Its dimensions are: 4.3 km in length; 3 km wide and 850 m deep. For many years, since 1910, the quarry has been known as the largest quarry in the world with the largest daily volume of extracted and moved rock mass, but recently lost the palm to the Escondida quarry (Minera Escondida)

Escondida, Chile Escondida is located in northern Chile in the Atacama Desert. The company's infrastructure consists of two quarries (Escondida and Escondida Norte), two concentrators (Laguna Seca and Los Colorados), a plant for the production of cathodes from oxide and sulfide ores, and two pipelines for transporting copper concentrate to a filtration plant. This mining is considered one of the pillars of the Chilean economy. Suffice it to say that Escondida employs 2,951 people, and this is direct employment. In 2006, there was a major strike here, workers wanted to get more. After the management refused to pay large salaries, the workers simply blocked the road to a career. In the end, the company had to go along with the demands of the employees.

Deposit "Udachnaya", Russia The depth of the Udachnoye quarry has already reached 600 meters. This is the largest diamond deposit in Russia in terms of raw materials and ore body size. Many large stones were mined in it, including crystals that are now in the Diamond Fund. The work is complicated by the fact that this field is located right beyond the Arctic Circle, which is enough interesting fact. It can be added that the Udachnoye deposit was discovered a few days after the discovery of the Mir deposit.

Mir kimberlite pipe A quarry located in the city of Mirny, Yakutia. The quarry has a depth of 525 m and a diameter of 1.2 km and is one of the largest quarries in the world. Open pit diamond mining that lasted 44 years. Near the quarry, the village of Mirny was formed, which became the center of the Soviet diamond mining industry. The largest diamond found in Russia was mined at the Mir mine on December 23, 1980. It weighs 342.5 carats (more than 68 g) and is called "XXVI Congress of the CPSU". AT last years mining trucks "wound" along a spiral road 8 km from the bottom to the surface. Mining of diamondiferous kimberlite ore was stopped in June 2001. Currently, an underground mine of the same name is being built on board the quarry to develop the remaining under-quarry reserves, the extraction of which by open pit is unprofitable.

Sibay deposit(Bashk. Sibay yaҡtylyҡ) is a copper-zinc-pyrite deposit in Russia, located in Bashkortostan, near the city of Sibay. Opened in 1913. Development began in the 1930s of the XX century. The depth is more than 500 meters, the diameter is 2 km.

Bingham Canyon, USA One of the largest quarries in the world, gold and copper are mined. Developments have been going on for almost 150 years. It has the following dimensions for 2008: 1.2 km deep, 4 km wide and covers an area of ​​7.7 km2. Ore is transported by 64 huge mining trucks, each of which is capable of transporting 231 tons of ore per trip. In one year, 715 tons of gold and 17 million tons of copper are mined. More than 1400 people are employed in the development.

Grasberg mine, Indonesia The Grasberg porphyry copper ore deposit is the world's largest and highest mountain mine and is engaged in exploration and development, mining and processing of ores containing copper, gold and silver. The quarry is located in the province of Papua in Indonesia, near Mount Punchak Jaya - the highest point in Oceania, the highest mountain in the world located on the island (~ 5030 m)

Diavik Diamond Quarry, Canada The Diavik diamond quarry is located in the northern part of Slave Lake in northwestern Canada. After surveying the territory in 1992, the construction of a quarry began, which began mining in January 2003. It has become an important part of the region's economy, employing more than 700 people and producing 8 million carats (1600 kg) of diamonds worth $100 million annually. The quarry is located on the islands and has its own infrastructure with an airport capable of receiving passenger Boeings.

Super Pit, Australia. Western Australia is known for its gold and nickel mines. Around Kalgoorlie full of mines and quarries, the most famous of which is the open pit Super Pit (Super Pit) - a unique hydrothermal gold deposit. The total area of ​​the ore field is more than 10 km2. The remaining reserves are at least 70 tons of metal.

Website materials used: http://www.spletnik.ru/blogs/vokrug_sveta/36651_samye_krupnye_karery

Career

stone quarry

marble quarry

Coal quarry

Sand quarry

Flooded stone quarry in Petrozavodsk

Quarry bottom

BOTTOM OF THE QUARRY - the platform of the lower ledge of the quarry (which is also called the bottom of the quarry). In the conditions of development of steep and inclined bodies of minerals, the minimum dimensions of D.k. are determined taking into account the conditions for safe removal and loading of rocks from the last ledge: in width - not less than 20 m, in length - not less than 50-100 m.

Under the conditions of development of morphologically complex deposits of significant stretch D.k. may be stepped.

Pit depth

K. is a system of ledges (as a rule, the upper ones are rock or overburden, the lower ones are mining), the advancement of which ensures the excavation of the rock mass in the contours of a quarry field. Transport links in K. are provided by permanent or sliding exits, and with the surface - trenches. During operation, the working ledges move, resulting in an increase in the mined-out space. During stripping, overburden is moved to dumps, which are sometimes placed in goafs. With a depth of K. up to 100 m with strong containing rocks in the cost of 1 m³ of overburden, up to 25–30% is occupied by drilling and blasting, 12–16% by excavation, 35–40% by transport, and 10–15% by the construction of the quarry itself. With an increase in the depth of K., part of the cost of transport increases to 60-70%. To drill blast holes in China, heavy drilling rigs weighing up to 100-130 tons (of the SBSh-250 type) and light drilling rigs are used. The main type of explosives are granulated ammonium nitrate granulites, gramonites (a mixture of saltpeter with TNT) and water-filled (in flooded wells). The main excavation and loading equipment in the extraction of coal and ore is electric excavators with a cable drive and a bucket with a capacity of 15-30 m³ with an boom length of up to 26 m. Single-bucket loaders with buckets with a capacity of 4-20 m³ are used. More and more powerful shovelers and draglines are being introduced in overburden operations (for example, overburden shovel weighing 12 thousand tons with a bucket with a capacity of 135 m³ with a drive power of 22 thousand kW and a dragline weighing 12 thousand kW and a dragline weighing 12 thousand tons with a bucket with a capacity of 168 m³ with a boom length of 92 m).

Flow technology in K. is achieved by using bucket-wheel excavators (with a rotor diameter of 22 m and buckets with a capacity of 6.6 m³, the daily productivity of the machine is up to 240,000 m³). Compact bucket-wheel excavators with reduced operating parameters show high efficiency in medium- and low-power mines. In hard-rock quarries, the largest volume of traffic is carried out by heavy dump trucks.

Advancing the front of work in a quarry

ADVANCE OF THE FRONT OF WORKS IN THE QUARRY - one of the indicators of the intensity of the field development; characterized by the speed of P.f.r.k., that is, the distance of movement of the mining front, expressed in meters per unit of time (for the most part - per year). Depends on h.h. on the scale of work, the type and design of the loading and transport equipment that is used, the method of moving the mining front and the height of the ledges that are being worked out. There are fan, isospheric and mixed P.f.r.k.

Fan advance - movement of the mining front during the development of a quarry field (whether part of it) of a rounded shape, which is characterized by a higher advance rate of front sections separated from the turning point (movement of the front in terms of "fan", "along the fan"). The advance of the front is isosceles - the movement of the mining front parallel to one of the axes of the quarry field from one of its borders to another or from an intermediate position to the contours.

Mixed advance of the front - a combination of different schemes of advance of the mining front, for example, isosceles and fan.

Depth of development of deformations in a quarry

The depth of development of deformations in the quarry is the horizontal distance from the initial position of the upper edge of the slope (the upper edge of the contour of the pit) to the last crack, which is visually traced in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the displaced masses of the slope.

Notes

see also

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Synonyms:

See what "Quarry" is in other dictionaries:

- (French carriere). 1) the fastest horse run. 2) quarry, breaking, breaking, mine. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. QUARRY To put a horse into a quarry means to gallop at full speed. Dictionary of foreign ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Mining enterprise for open-pit mining of coal, ores and non-metallic minerals: sand, building stone, etc. Quarry in the coal industry. A quarry in the mining industry, sometimes a mine. Quarry aggregate ... ... Financial vocabulary

Operational open working of significant transverse dimensions, which is used for the extraction of ore, sand, building stone, etc. Its depth can be insignificant (for example, when mining sand, gravel, etc.) or very significant up to 400 600 m ... ... Geological Encyclopedia