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Ammonium carbonate: production, chemical properties, range of applications. Ammonium bicarbonate, benefit or harm Ammonium bicarbonate harm to a child

Ammonium carbonate (additive e503) is an ammonium salt of carbonic acid, commonly called ammonia.

Characteristic

In appearance, the additive e503 is a crystal of pink, gray, white, or generally colorless, with a characteristic smell of ammonia. It is highly soluble in water, unstable in solution and in air. Already at a temperature of 18-25 degrees Celsius, it begins to release ammonia and turns into ammonium bicarbonate. And at a temperature of 60 degrees, the substance decomposes into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. Actually, it is the release of gases during the decomposition of the additive that makes it possible to use it in Food Industry, mainly in bakery and confectionery instead of yeast.

Getting ammonium carbonate

For the first time, ammonium carbonate was obtained from organic nitrogenous products (hair, nails, horns) under the influence of high temperature by distillation. To date, the additive e503 is obtained on an industrial scale by heating a mixture of ammonium chloride, or as a result of the interaction of water with carbon dioxide and ammonia under the condition of rapid cooling.

The effect of ammonium carbonate on the human body

According to some unofficial data, the e503 supplement is potentially unsafe for the human body. Perhaps the harm of the additive is associated with the high toxicity of ammonia, which is formed as a result of the decomposition of ammonium carbonate. However, it is known for sure that in the process of decomposition of a substance (during the preparation of the product), ammonia and carbon dioxide completely evaporate, and in finished products only water remains. So the additive e503 can be called harmful to the body only in its original state.

To date, the use of e503 ammonium salts is allowed in almost all countries of the world.

According to research by the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) food supplement e503 is completely safe for human health.

Application of ammonium carbonate

In the food industry, the additive e503 is used mainly instead of yeast or soda in baking and confectionery industry. Thus, ammonium carbonate can be found in the following products: bagels, different kinds cookies, bakery products, cakes.

In the countries of Scandinavia and northern Europe, the e503 additive is used to make branded biscuits. So, when baking Icelandic puffed cookies, only the additive e503 is used. If you replace it with yeast or soda, then the original cookies will not work.

In addition to the food industry, ammonium carbonate is used in cosmetics as a dye, added to medicines (ammonia, cough syrups). Also, the additive e503 is a fermentation accelerator in the production of wines and a component of fire extinguishing compositions.

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Ammonium carbonates, substances that appear in the classification table of food additives under the marking code E 503.

Basically it's ammonium carbonate. As an additive, it has an artificial nature of origin.

And in food production used as a baking powder and emulsifier.

Origin: 2-synthetic;

Danger:the lowest level;

Synonymous names:E 503, ammonia, ammonium carbonate salt, ammonium salts, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, E-503, Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbonate salt, ammonium carbonate salts, ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbonate.

general information

Ammonia (the common name of the substance) or ammonium carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid and in physical terms is a crystalline, colorless powder that dissolves very well in an aqueous medium.

In the form of a molecular formula, it can be represented like this: (NH 4) 2 CO 3. This connection has a high level of stability. Oxidizes upon contact with air, and already at room temperature.

This also releases toxic ammonia gas, and the substance itself is converted into ammonium bicarbonate with the molecular formula of the following form: NH 4 HCO 3 .

When the air temperature reaches 60°C, the additive begins to decompose into three components - water, ammonia and carbon dioxide.

In food production, this additive is used precisely because of its ability to release gases during decomposition.

For the first production of ammonium carbonate, horns, nails and hair were used as raw materials, and the method was distillation at high temperatures.

Today, modern industry uses the method of heating a mixture of ammonium chloride to obtain an additive, or a reverse decomposition reaction, that is, the interaction of carbon dioxide and ammonia with water during its rapid cooling.

Effect on the body

Harm

There are a number of opinions of pundits who talk about the dangers of this type of supplement. But these opinions are very controversial at this stage of research on the substance. And such opinions are connected, most likely, with a high level of toxicity of ammonia, which is part of ammonium carbonate.

But, after all, ammonia together with carbon dioxide evaporate during the reaction in the process of obtaining an additive, therefore, the result of the reaction can no longer harm the human body.

Benefit

Additive E 503 does not bring special benefit to human health. But, for its use in food, it is enough that it is hypoallergenic, that is, it does not cause inadequate reactions from the immune and other body systems.

Usage

In food production, E 503 easily replaces soda and yeast, and is used in these roles in the manufacture confectionery(cookies, cakes), bakery products (bagels, loaves, etc.). For example, one cannot but say that in other countries this additive is used exclusively for the preparation of branded pastries. These pastries include Icelandic puff pastries.

In the case of replacing the E 503 additive with soda or yeast, the biscuit loses its brand value, and with it the taste, and appearance, that is, ceases to be proprietary.

Other areas of application of the additive are pharmacology (ammonia, antitussive syrups, etc.), chemical industry (fire extinguishing agents), cosmetology (as a dye).

Legislation

In almost all countries of the world, E 503 is approved for use in human food. And according to studies conducted by the UK Food Standards Agency, this supplement is still safe, and its normal dosages have not been established.

Ammonium carbonates (bicarbonates) are food additives with the E503 index, belonging to the group of emulsifiers. The substance has the form of white, pinkish or gray crystals with a slight ammonia odor. Additive E503 is highly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohols and organic liquids.

Production and use of ammonium carbonate

Ammonium carbonate is a synthetic substance. It is obtained by heating ammonium chloride, or by a chemical reaction of the combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide in the presence of water vapor. The resulting substance is cooled and dried.

The main application of ammonium bicarbonate is the food industry:

In the production of bread and confectionery, it is used as a substitute for yeast or soda. Due to the property of instantaneous splitting in air with the release of gas, E503 is used as a leavening agent for dough (products rise well and do not stale for a long time).
In the manufacture of wines, this food additive makes the color of the drink more saturated, accelerates the fermentation of the must.

Ammonium carbonate is also included in the composition of medicinal syrups and homeopathic solutions, is part of medicines that help against poisoning. The product of the interaction of ammonium carbonate with alkali is ammonia. Additive E503 is a harmless color fixative for cosmetic products, a pH level stabilizer.

The benefits or harms of ammonium bicarbonate

Food additive E503 is considered harmless and approved for use in all countries of the world. The substance can cause harm only in its original state, and not as part of food.

A potential threat to humans is associated with the property of ammonium carbonate to release ammonia. Inhalation of this gas can cause sore throat and inflammation of the mucous membranes. If ammonium carbonate comes into contact with the skin, allergic reactions and skin irritations may occur.

The substance is recognized as harmless because during the preparation of products or as a result of heat treatment of food, the formed ammonia completely evaporates. Permissible rate the use of additive E503 is not limited.

Ammonium carbonate is called the ammonium salt of carbonic acid. At home, it is better known as ammonia. Carbonate is a colorless crystals with a characteristic ammonia smell. One of its properties is excellent solubility in the aquatic environment. The substance exhibits a weak degree of stability, since it is able to release ammonia even at a temperature equal to room temperature, thereby turning into ammonium bicarbonate. As a food additive, it is used to create and stabilize emulsions and other dispersed systems. In addition, under the influence of carbonate, a smooth substance of components is formed that previously could not be combined.

In its original state, carbonate is a toxic substance. This is due to the release of ammonia. But if the correct technology of food preparation is observed, the additive breaks down under the influence of high temperatures into components that are absolutely harmless.

Ammonium carbonate was first obtained from nitrogenous products of organic origin, such as hair, nails, horns, by distillation at high temperatures. At the moment, in the industry, the additive is obtained through heating ammonium chloride, or during the reverse decomposition reaction.

Properties of ammonium carbonate and its technological functions as a food additive:

emulsifier - with its participation there is a combination of substances that under normal conditions do not mix;
artificial origin - a substance that was synthesized artificially in the laboratory;
an additive that prevents clumping, caking, acting as a baking powder. It is introduced into mixtures in order to impart the necessary physical properties.

Applications

Ammonium carbonate finds its use as an additive with the number E503. Replaces yeast or soda in bread baking or confectionery production. Usually E503 can be found in cakes, cookies, bagels, bakery products. Instead of yeast, the nutritional supplement can even be used in beer production.

In the countries of Scandinavia and northern Europe, ammonium carbonate is used to bake branded cookies. For example, during the manufacture of Icelandic puffed cookies, only this additive is used. If you replace it with yeast or soda, you will no longer get the original product.

Other applications:

as a fermentation accelerator in the wine production process;
in medicines such as ammonia, cough syrups, etc.;
in the cosmetics industry as a color stabilizer;
as an ingredient in fire extinguishing compositions;
as an ingredient for obtaining other ammonium salts;
as a reagent for the purpose of purification of industrial gases.

Effect on the body

This food additive is considered potentially hazardous due to its ability to release ammonia. However, there is an opinion that the harm from ammonium carbonate is not significant at all. This is due to the fact that carbon dioxide and ammonia evaporate during the heat treatment of products, thus only water remains in the finished product, as a component of a complex substance. Only in its original state, the additive is considered dangerous and harmful to the human body. An excess of ammonium carbonate can cause inhibition of thought processes, disturbances in breathing, activation of the functioning of the sweat glands.

(ii) AMMONIUM HYDROCARBONATE

Technological functions Baking powder, acidity regulator, stabilizer.

Synonyms Ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate acid; English ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium hydrocarbonate; German ammonium Hydrocarbonate; fr. hydrocarbonate de ammonium.

CAS№ 1066-33-7.

Empirical formula CH 5 NO 3 .

Mol. m. 79,06.

Organoleptic properties White, gray or pink powder with a strong smell of ammonia, small colorless crystals.

Physiochemical properties pH of 5% solution is about 8.6; choir. sol. in water.

Receipt Saturation of aqueous solution of ammonia with carbon dioxide.

Hygiene standards Chipboard is not limited. Codex: ammonium carbonates are allowed in 4 standards for cocoa products up to 50 g/kg fat-free fraction. In the Russian Federation, it is allowed in cocoa and chocolate products in an amount of up to 70 g / kg of dry fat-free matter in terms of calcium carbonates (clause 3.1.1. SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); in food products according to TI in the amount according to TI individually or in combination with other carbonates (clause 3.2.22 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).

Application It has long been widely used in the production of flour confectionery products as a chemical baking powder, usually in the amount of 0.4-0.5 kg / t of finished products. Decomposing during baking, it releases gaseous substances, which loosen the workpieces and give the products a porous structure. It is used both individually and in a mixture with sodium bicarbonate (drinking soda). It is used in the production of cocoa products as a stabilizer alone or in a mixture with hydroxides, other hydrocarbonates and carbonates.

Commodity forms Powders of individual ammonium bicarbonate or "carbon ammonium salts", which are a mixture of various ammonium carbonates, mainly ammonium bicarbonate (75-88%) and ammonium carbonate (6-12%).

Ammonium carbonate: production, chemical properties, range of applications. Ammonium bicarbonate, benefit or harm Ammonium bicarbonate harm to a child

Characteristic

Getting ammonium carbonate

The effect of ammonium carbonate on the human body

Application of ammonium carbonate

general information

Effect on the body

Harm

Benefit

Usage

Legislation

Production and use of ammonium carbonate

The benefits or harms of ammonium bicarbonate

Applications

Effect on the body

(ii) AMMONIUM HYDROCARBONATE

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